Compared with traditional cutting methods, laser cutting has obvious advantages. Due to its high precision and obvious narrow slit effect, laser cutting adopts non-contact technology processing. With the development of the manufacturing industry, the quality of laser cutting is increasingly required. Especially in the aviation field, when performing 3D laser cutting on complex curved sheet metal parts, it is necessary to adjust the posture and process parameters of the laser head in real time according to the curvature of the curved surface to ensure the cutting quality. Through the simulation system, the staff can not only intuitively grasp the laser cutting process to ensure the reliability of the processing code, but also optimize some cutting process issues and ensure the cutting quality. In actual cutting, in order to meet the processing needs of different types of metal plates, various three-dimensional laser cutting platforms should be used for processing according to the size, processing accuracy and shape characteristics of the plate. At present, the virtual site construction efficiency of laser cutting simulation software is low, platform switching is complicated, learning costs are high, the implementation of cutting traces is lacking, and the process processing module is not perfect. This article analyzes how to set laser cutting parameters and quality control.

2. Overview of laser technology

Laser light is formed by atomic excitation and resonance amplification. After the laser is focused, it irradiates the material and rapidly increases the temperature of the material to melt or evaporate. With the relative movement of the laser and the material being cut, an incision is formed on the cutting material to achieve the purpose of cutting. Laser engraving means that the laser beam passes through the light guide focusing system and shoots the engraving material, removing the material within a certain range, and leaving the unirradiated material.

3. Parameter setting of laser cutting

Laser cutting parameters include cutting speed, power, gas cutting, etc. Laser cutting analyzes the cutting quality and cutting efficiency separately, and analyzes the impact of different types, but through the combination of laser cutting to achieve the various parameters required for the best configuration, different factories will According to the cost structure, quality and efficiency are paid special attention to and weighed to a certain extent.

1. Cutting speed. Laser cutting laser head can move along the part shape in unit time. The higher the laser cutting speed and the shorter the cutting time, the higher the laser cutting production efficiency. However, when other parameters are fixed, the laser cutting speed is not linearly related to the cutting quality. A reasonable cutting speed is a range value. Below this range value, the energy of the laser beam remains too much on the surface of the part to form excessive combustion. If the range value is exceeded, the energy of the laser beam is too late to completely melt the part material, resulting in The cut is impenetrable.

2. Laser output power. The laser output power is the output energy of the laser system, and laser cutting represents the ability of the laser beam to melt materials per unit time.

3. Focus position. The laser output is finally focused on the point with the highest power density through a special lens. The focal spot diameter is proportional to the focal depth of the focusing lens. The focus of laser cutting is to set different thicknesses at different positions. The correct focus position is an important condition for obtaining stable cutting quality. The cutting quality of laser cutting is related to the laser beam, but also related to the characteristics of the laser beam focusing system, that is, laser cutting The size of the laser beam after focusing has a great influence on the quality of laser cutting.

4. The pressure of the auxiliary gas. An incision is formed in the gap. Proper air pressure can help speed up the laser cutting speed, and the size of the auxiliary gas pressure also affects the cutting efficiency of the fiber laser cutting machine. If the thickness of the laser cutting material increases or the cutting speed is slow, the gas pressure should be appropriately reduced. Cutting with lower air pressure can prevent frosting.

5. Nozzle distance. The focused laser is applied to the surface of the part through a copper nozzle. The distance between the workpiece and the laser nozzle is called the distance of the nozzle. The distance from the nozzle to the part ismeasured based on flow and pressure. The blowing force of the gas that is too far away is too large, and the exhaust gas flow is too large, which will affect the splash. The appropriate distance is 0.8-1.0mm. Choose different types of nozzles according to different material thicknesses.

The system functions mainly include a virtual processing scene 3D visualization module, a multi-platform machine tool kinematics calculation module, a process embodiment and a code output module. The 3D visualization module of the virtual processing scene includes virtual processing scene construction, motion model construction, material removal process simulation, etc. The multi-platform machine tool kinematics calculation module includes the kinematics calculation of the gantry five-axis machine tool, the kinematics calculation of the vertical six-axis robot and the inverted robot, and the P matrix calculation based on the tool position point. The process embodiment and code output module include process defect display, collision detection implementation, transition track display, etc. The laser cutting scene includes various models, so it is necessary to establish a fast method to construct the virtual environment. There are differences in the structure and motion form of various machine tool platforms. Point data is calculated for machine kinematics, and the calculation results are input into the motion model to realize the machine tool motion simulation. Real-time cutting traces reflect the cutting quality, and it is necessary to simulate the removal process of laser cutting materials. In the simulation, the process phenomenon is reflected and processed, and the reliable processing code of the corresponding platform is finally generated.

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